The scales range from 1-4, with a higher number reflecting happier, more positive faces.From: Touch Therapy, 2000 Related terms: Anxiety Disorder Hydrocortisone Generalized Anxiety Disorder Visual Analog Scale Manifest Anxiety Scale Profile of Mood States Beck Depression Inventory View all Topics Download as PDF Set alert About this page Assessment James N.Butcher,. G. Cynthia Fekken, in Comprehensive Clinical Psychology, 1998 4.14.3.3 The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory The STAI was developed by Spielberger et al.The state measurement assesses how the individual feels right now or at this moment.
The trait anxiety measure addresses how the individuals generally feel by rating themselves on a four-point scale: almost never, sometimes, often, or almost always. Since it was developed in 1966 the STAI has been translated into over 48 different languages and has been widely researched in a variety of clinical and school settings ( Spielberger, Ritterband, Sydeman, Reheiser, Unger, 1995 ). The evidence for construct validity of the STAI comes from a variety of sources, for example, correlations with other anxiety measures ( Spielberger, 1977 ), clinical settings ( Spielberger, 1983 ), and medical and surgical patients ( Spielberger, 1976 ). Nonetheless, there has been general debate in the literature about the conceptual and practical benefits of the trait vs. However, the state-trait inventories have not been as broadly used as clinical assessment instruments. Test Anxiety Inventory Spielberger Full Chapter URLView chapter Purchase book Read full chapter URL: Enhancing immune function Tiffany Field PhD, in Massage Therapy Research, 2006 Parent assessments The StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al 1970 ). The STAI is comprised of 20 items and assesses how the parent feels at that moment in terms of severity (not at all to very much so). The POMS consists of 20 adjectives rating depressed mood at the moment on a five-point scale ranging from not at all to extremely using words such as blue, sad, and miserable. ![]() The Behavior Observation Scale ( Platania-Solazzo et al 1992 ) was completed. Radial pulse rates were taken for 30 seconds prior to and after the massage session. Salivary cortisol samples were collected prior to and 20 minutes after the massage at the same time of day each day (9 a.m.). Test Anxiety Inventory Spielberger Free Lemonade CrystalsSaliva was obtained by placing sugar-free lemonade crystals on a cotton dental swab and placing the swab in the subjects mouth for 30 seconds. The swab was then placed in a syringe, and a plunger was depressed to insert the saliva into a tube. Samples were assayed for cortisol levels by Dr Saul Schanberg at Duke University Medical School. View chapter Purchase book Read full chapter URL: Alleviating depression and anxiety Tiffany Field PhD, in Touch Therapy, 2000 Measures taken before and after the massagevideo sessions at beginning and end of the study 1. State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) ( Spielberger et al 1973 ). The STAIC is an adaptation of the STAI specifically designed for the study of anxiety in school-age children. The inventory consists of 20 items. Characteristic items include I feel very nervous, nervous or not nervous, and I feel very nervous, nervous or not nervousr. Research has demonstrated that the STAIC-State scale is sensitive to stressful situations. Happy Face Scale ( Appendix 3A ). Four faces ranging from sad to neutral to partially happy (semi-grin) to happy (wide smile) are presented to the child. The child is then asked which face best describes the way he or she feels right now.
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